Coming to density calculation!
If the radius of the neutron has just the critical value of 2x10**-54m (i.e. just a blackhole), the density becomes = 1.67x10**-27kg / ((4/3) 3.14 (2x10**-54m)**3) = 5x10**133 kg/m**3= 5x10**136 g/cc; i.e. a specific gravity of 5x10**136 (so many times heavier than water!).
If any other material cosisting of neutrons, protons, electrons and empty space could become a blackhole for a particular value of radius, the neutron could then be MUCH HEAVIER than as calculated above, especially if the empty space is of orders higher than the dimension of the neutron itself - oops! Now, shall we explore the above 'if', i.e. any other material can become a blackhole?
Let's have a break and meet soon!
srini
Thursday, December 21, 2006
Monday, November 20, 2006
My little neutron!
Continuing the calculations, putting the neutron mass as 1.67x10**-27kg, G=6.67x10**-11 and
c=3x10**8m/sec, the radius of the neutron for it be just a black hole needs to be just about 2x10**-54 metre or 2x10**-51 mm. Taking the diametre to be twice the radius, this gives about 2.5x10**50 neutrons stackable in a millimetre! In case the real blackholes contain empty space, the neutron could be much smaller!
srini
Continuing the calculations, putting the neutron mass as 1.67x10**-27kg, G=6.67x10**-11 and
c=3x10**8m/sec, the radius of the neutron for it be just a black hole needs to be just about 2x10**-54 metre or 2x10**-51 mm. Taking the diametre to be twice the radius, this gives about 2.5x10**50 neutrons stackable in a millimetre! In case the real blackholes contain empty space, the neutron could be much smaller!
srini
Thursday, November 09, 2006
Eureka! Eureka! Scientists discover new element - UNUNOCTIUM!
Just as the deliberation is going on about the densest material, there is some news (October 2006) that US and Russian scientists announced that they had discovered a superheavy element, known as 118, albeit one that has only existed in three different atoms lasting a fraction of a second over months of experiments. The last discovery of a naturally occurring element on the periodic table was in 1925 and have since sought to create new heavier elements. The last new elements discovered , 113 and 115, were announced in 2004.
Scientists said they found their first superheavy element 118 atom in 2002, then found another two atoms in 2005 in a second round of experiments in which they fired 10 to the power of 19 calcium ions at the californium. In the end the atoms of element 118 - also known as ununoctium - lasted 0.9 milliseconds, researchers said. But due to some controversies, this was not fully accepted. Adding a fresh lease of hope, in the latest experiments, scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, bombarded Californium with Calcium ions to create 118 - the heaviest ever created in such experiments. 118 denotes the number of protons in the nucleus or the atomic number, technically speaking. It is said to fit just below Radon in the column of the periodic table containing what are called noble gases for their inert chemical properties.
Now the point I (the author of the blog) would like to add and highlight is that the solid form of the element 118 must be considered and that too at absolute zero temperature! I have an inkling that any material cooled to absolute zero could degenerate into a totally packed bunch of neutrons. Am I right? Any comments from our esteemed physicist-fratenity?
srini.
9 nov 2006
Just as the deliberation is going on about the densest material, there is some news (October 2006) that US and Russian scientists announced that they had discovered a superheavy element, known as 118, albeit one that has only existed in three different atoms lasting a fraction of a second over months of experiments. The last discovery of a naturally occurring element on the periodic table was in 1925 and have since sought to create new heavier elements. The last new elements discovered , 113 and 115, were announced in 2004.
Scientists said they found their first superheavy element 118 atom in 2002, then found another two atoms in 2005 in a second round of experiments in which they fired 10 to the power of 19 calcium ions at the californium. In the end the atoms of element 118 - also known as ununoctium - lasted 0.9 milliseconds, researchers said. But due to some controversies, this was not fully accepted. Adding a fresh lease of hope, in the latest experiments, scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, bombarded Californium with Calcium ions to create 118 - the heaviest ever created in such experiments. 118 denotes the number of protons in the nucleus or the atomic number, technically speaking. It is said to fit just below Radon in the column of the periodic table containing what are called noble gases for their inert chemical properties.
Now the point I (the author of the blog) would like to add and highlight is that the solid form of the element 118 must be considered and that too at absolute zero temperature! I have an inkling that any material cooled to absolute zero could degenerate into a totally packed bunch of neutrons. Am I right? Any comments from our esteemed physicist-fratenity?
srini.
9 nov 2006
Tuesday, September 26, 2006
struggling to get to the answer? Let's try.
Under the above assumptions of incompressibility of the neutron etc., the neutron's density should be greater than or equal to that of the densest blackhole in the universe. Thus the radius of the (spherically assumed) neutron should be less than or equal to the critical radius at which the neutron just becomes a blackhole. The calculation should not be a problem, given the fact that the escape velocity at the surface of the neutron must equal the speed of light in vacuum.
r (critical) = 2 G M(neutron)/c**2.
Any answers? bye.
Under the above assumptions of incompressibility of the neutron etc., the neutron's density should be greater than or equal to that of the densest blackhole in the universe. Thus the radius of the (spherically assumed) neutron should be less than or equal to the critical radius at which the neutron just becomes a blackhole. The calculation should not be a problem, given the fact that the escape velocity at the surface of the neutron must equal the speed of light in vacuum.
r (critical) = 2 G M(neutron)/c**2.
Any answers? bye.
Sunday, July 30, 2006
Hello Homosapiens
This is to invite everybody interested in joining a perennial (!) chat / discussion with a view to seek / share knowledge about the universe in a scientific / logical manner. Although numerous textbooks / journals carry an ocean of information / knowledge in various fields, the communication is one way. Even conferences / symposia which allow interaction are limited in the effectiveness due to restriction in the audience addressed. A universal interacting network by post or ordinary mail would be snail paced. It is here that the advent of internet involving computer communications at electromagnetic speeds comes in handy with a free for all chatting / communicating through e-mail being made possible. The beauty is that the whole affair can be offline, with anyone needing to spend time only for his / her transaction from his / her place of choice. Many of us may be having some nagging doubts or even interesting ideas on basic as well as applied sciences or even engineering (material as well as human engineering), for which textbooks may not be sufficient. So, come on, homosapiens of worldwideweb, into the virtual world of brainstorming to unravel our universe.
Love all - for a lifelong wisdom game.
Yours truly,
B.SRINIVASAN.
Scientist / Engineer
Service: 1
Ever wondered which is (or could be) the heaviest or the densest material in the universe? I am eager to know from our scientists whether a test has been conducted in this direction. Which is the element in the periodic table eligible for this honour? Whether the candidate is an element in the first place or a compound? If it could be a compound, our mankind may not know all possible compounds. In cases of liquids and gases, one can think of the solid form, and if necessary, the density when cooled to absolute zero.
On one hand, it may appear as if it is not feasible to arrive at a conclusive answer, yet consider the following line of (my) thought:
Starting with the premise that all matter consists of protons, electrons and neutrons separated spatially, it follows that unless compressible, one of these particles must qualify as the densest fellow! I have an inkling that it must be a neutron! Getting to derive the mass of a neutron is not a big deal (=(molar mass of Deutarium (D2)-molar mass of Hydrogen (H2))/(2*avagadro number)), but what about its volume?
Ever wondered which is (or could be) the heaviest or the densest material in the universe? I am eager to know from our scientists whether a test has been conducted in this direction. Which is the element in the periodic table eligible for this honour? Whether the candidate is an element in the first place or a compound? If it could be a compound, our mankind may not know all possible compounds. In cases of liquids and gases, one can think of the solid form, and if necessary, the density when cooled to absolute zero.
On one hand, it may appear as if it is not feasible to arrive at a conclusive answer, yet consider the following line of (my) thought:
Starting with the premise that all matter consists of protons, electrons and neutrons separated spatially, it follows that unless compressible, one of these particles must qualify as the densest fellow! I have an inkling that it must be a neutron! Getting to derive the mass of a neutron is not a big deal (=(molar mass of Deutarium (D2)-molar mass of Hydrogen (H2))/(2*avagadro number)), but what about its volume?
If anyone has an authentic answer, welcome please.
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